LE PATRIARCAT OECUMENIQUE,
\nBR\u00c8VE HISTOIRE DE L\u2019EGLISE MERE<\/strong><\/h1>\n <\/p>\n
\u00ab Patriarcat \u0153cum\u00e9nique \u00bb, ou \u00ab \u00c9glise M\u00e8re \u00bb, ou \u00ab Sainte Grande \u00c9glise du Christ \u00bb, est appel\u00e9 le premier des quatre anciens Patriarcats de l’\u00c9glise orthodoxe, dont le si\u00e8ge est \u00e0 Constantinople et porte le titre d\u2019\u0153cum\u00e9nique. Fondateur de l’\u00c9glise de Constantinople est l\u2019Ap\u00f4tre Andr\u00e9, tandis que l’apostolicit\u00e9 du tr\u00f4ne est illustr\u00e9e par l’action de l’Ap\u00f4tre Jean en Asie Mineure, qui d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e8s le 4\u00e8me si\u00e8cle est r\u00e9solument sous sa juridiction.<\/p>\n
Cependant, la reconnaissance apostolique de l’\u00c9glise de Constantinople s’appuie beaucoup plus sur son \u0153uvre apostolique, qu’elle a r\u00e9alis\u00e9e pendant la p\u00e9riode byzantine, \u00e0 travers la diffusion de l’\u00c9vangile avec une \u00e9thique apostolique aux peuples rassembl\u00e9s en l\u2019\u00c9glise, Une, Sainte, Catholique et Apostolique.<\/p>\n
Avant Constantin le Grand, la petite ville de Byzance, ancienne colonie des M\u00e9gar\u00e9ens, \u00e9tait un dioc\u00e8se appartenant au M\u00e9tropolite d’H\u00e9racl\u00e9e avec comme premier Ev\u00eaque Stachys, disciple de l’Ap\u00f4tre Andr\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Lorsqu\u2019en 330, Constantin le Grand d\u00e9pla\u00e7a la capitale de l’\u00e9tat romain de la vieille Rome \u00e0 la petite ville de Byzance, il la qualifia de Nouvelle Rome. Ainsi, son dioc\u00e8se est modifi\u00e9 en Archev\u00each\u00e9 et peu de temps apr\u00e8s, le II\u00e8me Concile \u0152cum\u00e9nique de 381, reconnaissant sa tradition apostolique et sa conscience eccl\u00e9siastique qui lui conf\u00e9rent de la valeur et un r\u00f4le importants, l\u2019a \u00e9lev\u00e9 au deuxi\u00e8me rang apr\u00e8s Rome.<\/p>\n
Le IV\u00e8me Synode \u0152cum\u00e9nique, qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 l’institution de la Pentarchie des Patriarcats, d\u00e9finit avec son 28\u00e8me Canon que Constantinople n’est plus apr\u00e8s Rome, mais avec Rome d\u2019\u00e9gale primaut\u00e9. Le m\u00eame Canon r\u00e8glemente la juridiction de Constantinople, alors qu’il est stipul\u00e9 que seul Constantinople exerce une juridiction au del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res, ce qui signifie que les communaut\u00e9s chr\u00e9tiennes de la diaspora, qui sont situ\u00e9es en dehors des fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019ancien Empire et des fronti\u00e8res des quatre autres Patriarcats sont soumis au Patriarcat de Constantinople. En outre, le m\u00eame Concile conf\u00e8re \u00e0 Constantinople, et seulement \u00e0 lui, le droit de juger des pr\u00eatres d\u2019autres Patriarcats, s\u2019il cela lui \u00e9tait demand\u00e9. A partir du Concile de Constantinople de 587, le titre d\u2019 \u00ab \u0153cum\u00e9nique \u00bb devient titre officiel et le Patriarche de Constantinople est d\u00e9sormais appel\u00e9 Patriarche \u0152cum\u00e9nique.<\/p>\n
Pendant cette p\u00e9riode d’apog\u00e9e, le Patriarcat \u0152cum\u00e9nique a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 et de la formulation des dogmes, de la convocation de Conciles \u0153cum\u00e9niques, du d\u00e9veloppement du monachisme et, en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, de l’impr\u00e9gnation de l\u2019esprit chr\u00e9tien dans la vie de l’empire. D\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 partir de l’\u00e9poque de Saint Jean Chrysostome, elle exer\u00e7a une \u0153uvre missionnaire, culminant aux IX\u00e8me et X\u00e8me si\u00e8cle avec la christianisation des peuples slaves et faisant du Patriarcat \u0152cum\u00e9nique l’\u00c9glise M\u00e8re et la source de leur civilisation.<\/p>\n
Apr\u00e8s la perte du faste et du pouvoir ext\u00e9rieur, r\u00e9sultant des circonstances de l\u2019\u00e9poque, le Patriarcat \u0152cum\u00e9nique a entrepris en tant que m\u00e8re aimante le travail de protection et de soins des peuples orthodoxes asservis et a agi avec beaucoup de sagesse et de prudence dans les nouvelles conditions de l’\u00e9poque, parvenant \u00e0 conserver aux Orthodoxes leur Foi et leur identit\u00e9. Le Patriarche \u0152cum\u00e9nique a \u00e9t\u00e9 plac\u00e9 \u00e0 la t\u00eate de tous les chr\u00e9tiens orthodoxes au sein de l’Empire ottoman, tandis que sous l’\u00e9gide et la direction du Patriarcat \u0152cum\u00e9nique, les peuples orthodoxes cultiv\u00e8rent leurs langues nationales, d\u00e9velopp\u00e8rent leur propre litt\u00e9rature eccl\u00e9siastique et gard\u00e8rent leurs habitudes particuli\u00e8res.<\/p>\n
La cr\u00e9ation d’\u00c9tats nationaux ind\u00e9pendants au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation d’Eglises Orthodoxes locales autoc\u00e9phales. Cependant, le Patriarcat \u0152cum\u00e9nique, bien que voyant l\u2019\u00e9tendue de sa juridiction diminuer, c\u00e9da par des moyens canoniques l\u2019autoc\u00e9phalie aux autres Eglises locales, comme il l’avait fait en 1589 avec l’\u00c9glise de Russie.<\/p>\n
Finalement, en tant qu’\u00c9glise ayant le premier si\u00e8ge, le Patriarcat \u0152cum\u00e9nique a le privil\u00e8ge et la responsabilit\u00e9 historique de coordonner et de promouvoir les activit\u00e9s entre les Eglises orthodoxes, et le Patriarche \u0152cum\u00e9nique, ayant la primaut\u00e9 d’honneur parmi les Primats des autres \u00ab anciens \u00bb et nouveaux Patriarcats et Eglises, est responsable de la convocation des Conciles Panorthodoxes et du soutien du Dialogue Interchr\u00e9tien et Interreligieux.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
L’ann\u00e9e 2019, marque l’accomplissement des cinquante ans depuis la fondation par le Patriarcat \u0153cum\u00e9nique de l\u2019Archev\u00each\u00e9 de Belgique et Exarchat des Pays-Bas et du Luxembourg, constituant ainsi une \u00e9tape dans l’histoire de la pr\u00e9sence orthodoxe au centre de l’Europe. Ce prestigieux anniversaire sera c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 en novembre prochain avec la pr\u00e9sence de Sa Toute-Saintet\u00e9 le Patriarche … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19828,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,361],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-jubile-dor"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEn attendant le Patriarche \u0152cum\u00e9nique \u2026 - Archev\u00each\u00e9 Orthodoxe de Belgique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/orthodoxia.be\/2019\/09\/26\/\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2-\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd-\u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7-\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5-\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"En attendant le Patriarche \u0152cum\u00e9nique \u2026 - Archev\u00each\u00e9 Orthodoxe de Belgique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L’ann\u00e9e 2019, marque l’accomplissement des cinquante ans depuis la fondation par le Patriarcat \u0153cum\u00e9nique de l\u2019Archev\u00each\u00e9 de Belgique et Exarchat des Pays-Bas et du Luxembourg, constituant ainsi une \u00e9tape dans l’histoire de la pr\u00e9sence orthodoxe au centre de l’Europe. 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